Besides the religion, what's the difference between Arabs and Jews, if they are the same people from the same part of the Middle East?

There is good reason why they bear distinctive names…

They are not the same people.

In a nutshell, the Arabs are the exact opposite…

Jennifer Garner smooches boyfriend John Miller at charity event in rare PDA moment - Page Six

Positive social mobility - and back to Cambridge dictionary: “the ability to move from one level of society to another”, namely and in practical terms, the ability of any person of any social level to change his or her level, based on personal skills and ambition.

Jews are a part of the Western Civilization and adhere to Western values. Actually, a great deal of these values stem from Jewish ethics.

Liberalism - as defined by Merriam-Webster: “a political philosophy based on belief in progress and stressing the essential goodness of the human race, freedom for the individual from arbitrary authority, and protection and promotion of political and civil liberties.”

Meet the "prince of dragons" that started the tyrannosaur dynasty - Earth.com

Israel, being a Jewish majority country (and because of this), is typified by:

Pluralism - as defined by Cambridge dictionary: “the belief that the existence of different types of people within the same society is a good thing”

Religion is far from being a major player in the Middle Eastern conflict and this follows the biggest difference between Jews and the peoples of the Middle East, colloquially named “Arabs.”

Anderson Silva reacts to 'the end of another legendary era' following Jon Jones' UFC retirement - Bloody Elbow

Besides, while the world “Jews” is both a religious and ethnic term, the word “Arab” is a cultural term.